Analysis of Rainfall and Temperature Trends and Their Implications on Green Gram Production in the Arid and Semi-Arid Lands of Kenya

Farmers have been facing numerous challenges in the production of green gram with declining yields being main challenge. This can be attributed to rainfall amounts and unreliable patterns, increased temperatures high infestation crop by pests diseases. In this study, climate data Makueni County on temperature from 1991 2020 were obtained Kenya Meteorology Department. The analyzed three sets; monthly, annual-monthly seasonal time series. analysis focuses descriptive statistics trend analysis. results showed that there was no significant at all levels; seasonal. absence a associated variability series; hence, instability unpredictability. series exhibited positive linear trends where maximum 0.003°C minimum 0.001°C per month. Such detected selected monthly as well unpredictability patterns consistently but gradually rising levels could change. optimum growing conditions are not attained, therefore, reducing production. Rapid deployment integrated climate-smart farming techniques adaptation strategies region is recommended for value chain build resilience achieve sustainable yields.